Writing a Literature Essay A Complete Guide

Composing a Literature Essay A Complete Guide In spite of the fact that after entering school, most understudies are as of now acquainted with paper writing by and large and writing article writing specifically, a considerable lot of them don’t understand that what is comprehended under this term on this scholastic level is very not the same as those casual, decently freestyle messages they wrote in secondary school. The necessities and practices generally utilized here are very not quite the same as what you would have been utilized to. As a matter of first importance, there isn’t such a mind-bending concept as a plainly characterized abstract exposition †it is partitioned into a wide range of subtypes, the most significant of them being: Examination paper, where you give profound bits of knowledge into a specific artistic book, contemplating its structure, writer’s plan, symbolism, complex gadgets, etc. Its objective it to look at and once in a while assess the work being referred to; Exploration exposition, for the most part managing a more extensive degree than only a solitary work of writing; Response article, where you tell about your impressions from perusing a book; Influential paper, where you attempt to persuade the peruser of your perspective; Account article, where you take a stab at narrating yourself. Be that as it may, every one of them are comparative enough for you to have the option to figure out how to keep in touch with one of them and get a genuinely smart thought of how to manage all the rest. In this writing exposition composing guide, we will cover strategies and practices that will assist you with composing artistic papers of any kinds. Choosing a Topic Understudies are given changing degrees of opportunity when composing writing expositions. Now and then you might be doled out an artistic work to expound on, however are in any case allowed to do anything you like with it. Some of the time you are given an unbending point you can't modify by any stretch of the imagination. Here and there you are given a totally free rein, and can pick anything you desire to expound on. Nonetheless, regardless of what your circumstance is, you ought to recall two focuses: Confinements aren’t consistently an awful thing †when a few variations are sliced off you don’t need to stress over picking that much; Regardless of whether the point is appointed, you can regularly arrange it with your mentor or teacher. In the event that the progressions you need to make aren’t intense, he can generally be convinced to meet you midway. So how can one methodology the decision of a point? Pick a book that intrigues you or a fundamental topic present in more than one content. For what reason is it significant? In what ways understanding this topic in a specific book encourages one comprehend different writings of a similar writer (or different writers) better? Select a content you know well. Maybe there is a book you’ve perused commonly as of now and consistently continue discovering something new and captivating about it? On the off chance that you don’t need to contemplate the content to begin expounding on it, you have a colossal bit of leeway over the individuals who are new to it; Don’t be in a rush to peruse other scientific chips away at the content. This will keep your intuition from being debased by different people’s thoughts too soon on and give you a superior chance of shaping your own sentiments and thoughts on the content. Attempt to plan your theme all alone, without attempting to mold it after commonplace subjects utilized by different specialists; After you’ve shaped your working theory, you may begin glancing through the writing on the point to perceive what different scientists state about the subject. By then, you may need to change your unique aims since it might turn out that the theme you’ve chose has just been explored completely. On the off chance that the point ends up being unimaginative, attempt to transform it for something increasingly irregular †the less-trodden way you take, the better will be the demeanor of your teacher. Be that as it may, make a point to check if the subject you pick has enough data sources to work with, or you chance winding up with a theme you can't appropriately work with in light of the fact that you don’t have an assortment of exploration to depend on. At long last, you ought to get a subject that you are OK with, that is in any event to some degree not quite the same as most of papers managing the content being referred to and that has enough data sources to manufacture your theory on. Here are a few models you may utilize: The Theme of Duality in The Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens; The Role of Fate in Romeo and Juliet; Ruler of the Flies by William Golding and Tunnel in the Sky by Robert Heinlein: Two Takes on a Single Issue; Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse as a Modern Quest Narrative; Battle Club as an Epitome of Disillusionment Genre. Working with Sources: Important Tips from Our Writers When composing a writing exposition of any sort you are going to work with two general kinds of sources: The essential source is the content you research. It is the essential artistic work your examination depends on. Regardless of whether you study whole inventive work done by a specific creator, one of his writings typically assumes a more significant job than the others †that would be your essential content for such a paper; Optional sources are for the most part different wellsprings of data you use: basic articles, expository works, blog entries, surveys, author’s remarks and some other compositions concerning the essential content; In the event that no one has expounded on the specific blend of the theme and the content, shouldn't something be said about books about a similar subject in different works by the writer or different writers associated with the one you expound on (e.g., from a similar timeframe or scholarly school)? Your most solid option at finding what you need is utilizing particular web search tools and scholastic databases like JSTOR, Google Scholar or an order explicit one like ProQuest Literature Online. These contain not simply scholastic articles and different sorts of distributions, yet data about how frequently they have been alluded to in different sources and other helpful information. Setting up an Outline A layout is fundamentally only an arrangement of your exposition. It might be pretty much definite relying upon your inclinations and composing style, yet the thought continues as before. You record: the primary concerns and most likely whole sentences from presentation and end (since they are short and the accomplishment of your paper relies especially upon how well you figure out how to introduce them); the sum of your postulation proclamation (once more, since it is a short and significant piece of your article); the central matters of each supporting section, alongside sources to allude to in every one of them. For the most part in the wake of composing a presentation and proposal proclamation, you utilize one reference to the essential content that bolsters your central matter and afterward bolster it with a couple of references to the optional sources. Figuring a Thesis Statement Your theory explanation is the significance of your paper decreased to one, potentially two sentences. To put it plainly, it is the fundamental idea behind your article †frequently, it is your understanding of the content you chip away at. A postulation articulation is typically situated toward the finish of the presentation: after you’ve as of now got a handle on the consideration of your peruser yet before you began examining the content vigorously. Understand that a proposal explanation and a theme are two distinct things. The point is the general branch of knowledge you are examining in your paper, e.g., â€Å"The Theme of Poverty in the Creative Work of Charles Dickens†. The proposition explanation is actually what it says on the tin †an announcement you make concerning the point, it is the aftereffect of your exploration or simply your feeling. For instance, â€Å"Charles Dickens’ depictions of neediness in his inventive work come from his own encounters as a youthful man† would be a postulation articulation. Composing the Body of the Essay The body of your paper is held for the improvement of your focal thought. A decent standard of a thumb to follow is to have no under three body passage for a 500-700 word article, each covering a solitary point supporting your essential contention. Each passage of the essay’s body ought to contain a theme sentence followed by clarifications and literary proof. A theme sentence (ordinarily the main sentence of a section) states one of the subjects associated with your postulation and how precisely this point bolsters the focal thought of your article. Proof should come either from the essential content or auxiliary sources, with the previous being the more significant one. It comes in four sorts: Synopsis †short retelling of the content; Reword †retelling of the text’s pieces in your own words; Explicit subtleties †here you don’t retell a piece of the content but instead cause the reader’s to notice a little piece of it; Direct citations †parts of the content rehashed in exactly the same words as per your designing style. Composing Introduction and Conclusion Compose a proposal explanation first and leave the remainder of the presentation for some other time. The regularly prompted approach is to compose it finally, considerably after the end †thusly you will definitely realize what is available in your article and won’t need to redo anything to meet the necessities that changed alongside the substance of your paper. Start with a snare to grab the eye of the peruser. It might be: a citation from the essential content or an auxiliary source; a profoundly surprising or dubious thought regarding the essential content; a reality from the life of the creator applicable to your theory articulation; or on the other hand anything at all as long as you can make it work. From that point forward, give some foundation data and easily go on to your proposal explanation. Conforming to the Format Generally, writing articles are written in MLA position; you may locate the most significant guidelines for writing in it here. In the event that you need a more top to bottom guide, search for a paper duplicate of a style control in a library. Except if expressed something else, most writing articles are written in 12pt, Times New Roman text style. Editing On the off chance that you can

Contract with Robert-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Can Peter implement his Contract with Robert? 2.Each will charge and be solely qualified for the expenses got in kind for their own work. Is this a Partnership? Answers: 1.As per the Alberta Regulation 196/1999, Fair Trading Act-Public Auctions Regulations, it is the obligation of the salesperson to peruse out the states of offer or ensure that the states of the deal are perused by those present at the deal. The salesperson must do this before the initiation of the deal or toward the start of the deferred deal. Nonetheless, the salesperson need not guarantee that the condition are perused by those present at the sale in the event that they are ordinary bidders in the bartering deals business (Casey, 2012). Additionally, the bartering deal business need to give the bidders the important states of the closeouts in the offer cards on the off chance that they are enlisted bidders and may not be going to the sale on the given day. In addition, the salespeople can't offer expressions which are off base in any way. What's more, for the bidders, it is their obligation to peruse and comprehend the states of offer before the start of the Auction (Riefa, 2015). They ought to likewise review the products themselves before setting the offer with the goal that they can know about everything about the ware in sell off. In the given case, Peter possessed an empty land that he needed to sell. Diminish made an agreement an Auctioneer named Howard. The guidelines and states of the deal were given in the inventory made for the closeout, wherein it was referenced that the salespeople don't have the power to make the portrayal in the interest of the proprietor of the land. Robert was one of the bidders for the empty land. Robert enquired Howard about the zonal course of action of the empty land and put the offer depending upon the zonal game plan as told by Howard. Be that as it may, later on it worked out that the zonal course of action as told by Howard wasn't right and therefore Robert wouldn't pay for the property. While investigating the case given above with the law administering the barterings, it tends to be said that both Howard and Robert have committed errors. Howard wrongly made a portrayal for which he had no power and furthermore gave a mistaken portrayal depending whereupon Robert put the offer. The misstep made by Robert was that he didn't peruse the principles and conditions that was given in the inventory for the sale in such a case that he had perused and comprehended the guidelines, he could have realized that Howard didn't have the position make the portrayal and he would have been cautious in discovering the insight regarding the property. Besides, it is the obligation of the Bidder to assess the ware or the thing held available to be purchased. He didn't do anything of this sort. Therefore, it very well may be said that Peter, the proprietor of the land can uphold the agreement on Robert for the empty land since everything was referenced in the list implied for the offer of property at the closeout. In spite of, this he enquired the salesperson who had no power to make any portrayal. Also, Robert depended upon the portrayal made by the Auctioneer without making any further enquiry about the property. In this way, it very well may be said that Peter can uphold his agreement available to be purchased of the property with Robert who can't guarantee the way that he depended upon a wrong portrayal made by the salesperson. 2.As per the Partnerships Act, R.S.O. 1990, section P.5, the assurance of association should be possible by the genuine aim of the gatherings in question. This can be dictated by the manner in which they act. For the assurance of the presence of organizations, the official courtroom sees the business relationship of the gatherings included instead of depending on the type of the relationship (legalline.ca, 2017). The variables that court sees to check the substance of the business relationship are as per the following- The official enlistment of the association. The commitments made by parties associated with terms of property, information, cash, aptitudes, etc. A joint enthusiasm for the property of the business The privilege of control or the board of the property or business. The desires for the benefits from the business or the goal to win benefits. The benefit sharing privileges of the gatherings engaged with the business (bclaws.ca, 2017). In the given case, Susan and Joyce are bookkeepers and are carrying on their separate business as sole owners. So as to decrease their costs they chose to go into a game plan. For the decrease of costs, they leased premises together; it comprised of 3 workplaces and 1 banquet room. Them two marked the rent as the inhabitant. At that point they recruited a secretary who might be working for the them two. It was concluded that they would share the workplace costs similarly. Nonetheless, aside from the costs that are shared, some other costs brought about by them would be borne by the individual causing them. Any choice relating with the administration of the workplace and the secretary are taken by with the assent of both the gatherings. The income they produce as charges for their administration is kept by the individual offering the assistance. Breaking down the variables for the assurance of the substance of the organization with that of the states of the course of action entered among Susan and Joyce, it tends to be said that the plan can't be supposed to be an association since they don't have any conventional enrollment of their association. Besides, the commitments made by them are just as far as costs for the administration of the workplace premises and the compensation of the normal secretary. Despite the fact that they do have a joint enthusiasm for the property of the business it's anything but a convincing proof for the presence of an association between them. The most significant figure considered all the cases by all the official courtroom managing association assurance is the aim of procuring benefit from the organization and their benefit sharing terms. Notwithstanding, both these elements are absent in the course of action entered among Susan and Joyce. Along these lines, it very well may be said that the course of action entered among Susan and Joyce can't be supposed to be a Partnership since they don't have any official enrollment for their association deed. Additionally, their commitments simply mirror the sharing of costs and don't mirror any reality which can be viewed as spent with the end goal of the going great of the association. Furthermore, the greatest factor missing from the course of action is the goal to procure benefit from the organization and the benefit sharing privileges of the association business. Consequently, it very well may be presumed that the course of action among Susan and Joyce can't be named as a Partnership. List of sources Casey, J. B. (2012).Arbitration Law of Canada: Practice and Procedure. Juris Publishing, Inc.. Riefa, C. (2015).Consumer security and online sale stages: Towards a more secure lawful system. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. www.bclaws.ca. (2017).Partnership Act.Bclaws.ca. Recovered 31 July 2017, from https://www.bclaws.ca/Recon/record/ID/freeside/00_96348_01 www.ianwyles.co.za. (2017).General Rules Of Auction | Ian Wyles Auctioneers amp Appraisers.Ianwyles.co.za. Recovered 31 July 2017, from https://www.ianwyles.co.za/general-rules-closeout/ www.legalline.ca. (2017).How to decide whether an association exists - Legal Line.Legal Line. Recovered 31 July 2017, from https://www.legalline.ca/lawful answers/how-to-decide whether an organization exists/ www.ontario.ca. (2017).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me.Ontario.ca. Recovered 31 July 2017, from https://www.ontario.ca/laws/resolution/90p05 www.qp.alberta.ca. (2017). Recovered 31 July 2017, from https://www.qp.alberta.ca/archives/Regs/1999_196.pdf www.thebalance.com. (2017).Eveything You Need to Know About Business Partnership in Canada.The Balance. Recovered 31 July 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/organization in-canada-2948122

Is It Better To Buy Pre-Written Essays Or Try To Do It Yourself?

Is It Better To Buy Pre-Written Essays Or Try To Do It Yourself?What is the best way to buy or written essays? The answer is with the help of a ghostwriter or the services of a professional writer.The world of writing has never been so easy as it is now as the internet has made it very convenient for writers to have their own work done at all times. In fact, the number of job opportunities online has increased by over ten times in the last couple of years. This is also due to the fact that more students today, who are pursuing higher education, are opting for degrees in English.All this has brought more students into the online essay competitions which have become quite popular in recent times. These competitions ask students to write a short essay on a certain topic and to submit their work for judging. The participants who have won in these competitions get the chance to compete in online essay writing contests. Many students are opting for the opportunity to win money in order to improve their writing skills.However, this was not the case earlier, when the students had to write the essays on their own. If you think about it, there was no one to write the essays for you as there was no such thing as an essay.And before the advent of the written essays, the students who are making use of the online essay competitions had to struggle to find the resources to write their essays. Sometimes, they had to rely on the free sources available online where they could get hold of an essay. If the essay is based on the literature available in the library, they would have to rely on those resources available in the library.If it is the case of online essay competitions, the students would have to be dedicated enough to give the essay's a perfect finishing. If they fail to do so, then they could be disqualified from the competition. At times, the entire process could turn out to be tiresome and frustrating.But if you are planning to write an essay for the competition, then the first thing you have to do is to find the right resource that will give you a perfect finish. It is best to know the kind of resources that are available in the library. Take a look at the various resources available and make sure that you are taking on board all the information about the essay that you have to write.Take a note of the style and the grammar that the essay would have to follow so that you can write the essay in a certain way. Moreover, it is important to check out the kind of questions that the competition would have posed in the form of questions that you have to answer. Once you have checked all these, you can start your search for a pre-written essay provider.

Domestic Violence And Its Effects On Society - 2241 Words

Domestic violence, a highly prevalent, almost authorized, legally penalized, almost always hidden heinous crime, has been a matter of concern in many countries. More so in India, as every 2 in 5 women face domestic violence in India and about once every five minutes an incident of domestic violence is reported in India, under its legal definition of cruelty by husband or his relatives. Although it is gender neutral, domestic violence is usually perpetrated against women and hence it becomes essential to understand the male perspective of the same. What exactly is domestic violence? World health organization defines a synonymous term intimate partner violence as Intimate partner violence refers to behaviour by an intimate partner or ex-partner that causes physical, sexual or psychological harm, including physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviours. In India, domestic violence is mainly seen as a crime against women and the prevention and puni shment of domestic violence is contained in the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. Section 3 of the act defines domestic violence as any act or omission that harms or injures or endangers the health, safety, life, or well-being, whether mental or physical, of the aggrieved person or tends to do so and includes causing physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse and economic abuse; or harasses, harms, injures or endangers the aggrieved person with a view to coerceShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1745 Words   |  7 Pages Domestic Violence in Literature Domestic violence entails transgressions that tend to exhibit regular occurrence worldwide. Domestic violence is substantially attributable to the psychological, physical, mental, and sexual forms of suffering or anguish. Domestic violence further refers to the family violence or spousal abuse that defines the evident pattern of violent behaviors executed by one spouse to the other in the close affiliations that include courtships, matrimony, family, or individualsRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1204 Words   |  5 Pages a.INTRODUCTION Domestic violence is defined as a violent behavior or an act of abuse between couples in the home. It is called family violence. Usually most women are harmed and the witnesses of this violence are also effected. This abuse is frowned upon in todays society. In Chile domestic violence wasn t taken seriously because of the cultural norm which was that men controlled the women. There are many treatments for the abuse but they are only focused on the victim; the one committing theRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn America most cases of Domestic Violence are never actually reported, many times these cases go unheard and the victims suffer in silence. The worn out cries of a battered woman as she lays on the ground clutching herself and begging her significant other to just stop. The bruises and cuts that remain unreported due to the victim claiming they accidentally fell yet again. The abusers tend to make the victim almost entirely depend able on them. An abuser will do this to gain control and to createRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society869 Words   |  4 Pagesimbalance of neurotransmitters can impact an individual’s development and overall self-image. Equally, an individual’s experience with domestic violence and its horrific ramifications can also impact a person’s psychological, emotional, physical, and social growth. Domestic Violence Domestic violence, is a virulent calamity that has woven its way into our society for thousands of years. It is not biased to a particular race, group, or culture. Grievously, it has an everlasting negative impact onRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1859 Words   |  8 Pagesdoors. Domestic violence kills. The facts are startling; one in every four women will experience domestic violence in her lifetime, and those are just the cases that are reported. In the past weeks, America’s eye has been fixated on the NFL and the Capital Justice Departments prosecution of Adrian Peterson, Ray Rice and Greg Hardy. They were all indicted on allegations of domestic violence and abuse. Each year, another stack of players are arrested, or â€Å"caught† with a history of domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society904 Words   |  4 Pagesout of every four women will go through domestic violence situations in life. (safehorizon.com) Dome stic violence is aggressive behavior towards someone else at home or in a relationship. This can happen at home between spouses/partners or parents and children. Domestic violence should be given more acknowledgment in the media and in classrooms so that people are aware of what is happening. If we do not continue to advocate for victims and educate society, victims will continue to suffer physicallyRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1360 Words   |  6 Pagesissue of domestic violence. Defined by domesticviolence.org (2012) as a behavior â€Å"used by one person in a relationship to control the other†, domestic violence can be physical, emotional, sexual, verbal, or even financial. Although the issue of abusers being punished is a significant one, it must be realized that there are victims, and those victims need help. Some countries have no concern or sympathy for victims, as more than twenty countries have no laws against abuse (Domestic Violence in Deve lopingRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1431 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is that dark little secret kept by your neighbor, your friend, your family member, or even yourself. It touches the lives of men, women, and children in every ethnic and economic group on the face of the earth. In order to stem the tide of this egregious and infectious behavior we cannot consider it solely a women’s issue. It is as much a men’s issue as it is a women’s issue, maybe more so, and can only be effectively addressed if we enlist and encourage the help of familyRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1720 Words   |  7 PagesTo date, although domestic violence has been researched, the law remains a constraint to victims’ growth and stability. The laws and programs provided in today’s society are limited and affect the victims exit from domestic violence relationships. Further research could propel an initiation of b etter-developed laws and programs and cause a great impact in how victims respond to domestic violence. Few studies have researched how successful domestic violence victims have been with the legal processRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On The Society Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Domestic violence is not is not just physical abuse, but is any behavior that is intended to control another person through the use of verbal assaults (*cite*) A huge social issue throughout the world today. Domestic violence is not only limited to spousal abuse but also includes sibling abuse, elder abuse and child abuse. Domestic violence may also be known as family violence, wife or child beating and domestic abuse. (cite) Domestic Violence s a very important social issue throughout

Indiscreet and Indiscrete - Commonly Confused Words

The homophones indiscreet and indiscrete are not synonyms. Indiscreet is the more common word. Indiscrete is a technical term primarily used in scientific writing. The adjective indiscreet means imprudent, lacking good judgment, or carelessly talkative. The noun forms of indiscreet  are  indiscreetness  and  indiscretion. The adjective indiscrete means not separated into distinct parts. The noun form of indiscrete is indiscreteness. See also: Discreet and Discrete Examples The lawyers indiscreet remarks to the media provoked an angry response from the judge. Dr. John Watson: One word, Sherlock! That is all I would have needed! One word to let me know that you were alive!Sherlock Holmes: Ive nearly been in contact so many times, but I worried that, you know, you might say something indiscreet.Dr. John Watson: What?Sherlock Holmes: Oh, you know, let the cat out of the bag.(Martin Freeman and  Benedict Cumberbatch in The Empty Hearse. Sherlock, 2014) The indiscrete nucleus does not have a nuclear membrane and is therefore not separate from the cytoplasm. Practice(a) Questions are never _____; answers sometimes are.(Oscar Wilde, An  Ideal Husband)(b) Topology aims to formalize some continuous, _____ features of space. Answers to Practice Exercises Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words200 Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs Answers to Practice Exercises: Indiscreet and Indiscrete (a) Questions are never indiscreet; answers sometimes are.(Oscar Wilde,  An  Ideal Husband)  (b) Topology aims to formalize some continuous, indiscrete features of space. Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

Racism and Social Injustice Essay - 1270 Words

In the United States and internationally, there is a multitude of indicators that the racial environment is changing. Environmental pollution and racism are connected in more ways than one. The world is unconsciously aware of environmental intolerances, yet continues to expose the poor and minorities to physical hazards. Furthermore, sociologist continue to study â€Å"whether racial disparities are largely a function of socioeconomic disparities or whether other factors associated with race are also related to the distribution of environmental hazards† (Mohai and Saha 2007: 345). Many of these factors include economic positions, health disparities, social and political affairs, as well as racial inequalities. A large number of low-income and†¦show more content†¦Hazards and pollutants are apparent in a variety of outcomes. Possible outcomes include asthma, cancer and chemical poisoning (Gee and Payne-Sturges 2004: 1647). Furthermore, â€Å"Although debated, the main hypothesis explaining these disparities is that disadvantaged communities encounter greater exposure to environmental toxins such as air pollution, pesticides, and lead† (Gee and Payne-Sturges 2004: 1647). Therefore, disadvantaged groups, such as people of color and the poor, experience greater environmental risks. Additionally, â€Å"Blacks in particular are exposed to a disproportionate amount of pollution and suffer the highest levels of lead and pesticide poisoning and other associated health problems† (Jones and Rainey 2006: 474). People of color, essentially, compete to live healthily. For example, African-Americans and Africans alike, struggle with the negative affects of oil refineries and unresponsive governments. The same can be said for Hispanics in California and the natives of Ecuador, who are forced to cope with the pollution of the Texaco oil refineries (Bullard 2001: 4). Environmental racism not only exploits natural resources, it abuses and profits fro m the communities involved. Governments and polluting facilities will continue to capitalize on the economic susceptibilities of poor communities, states, nations and regions for their â€Å"unsound† and hazardous operations (Bullard 2001: 23). ForShow MoreRelatedRacism And The Effect Of Social Injustice1169 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand racism and the effects of social injustice. To summarize the play it is about a black man whom is accused of forcing himself on a white girl and sexually assaulting her. A white attorney who does not measure people by he color of their skin or social economic status represents him. The characters represent the stereotypes of small town southern inhabitance, with the mind of pre-civil rights culture. My impression is we continue in this time period to have social injustice and racism, not toRead MoreSocial Injustice, Racism, And Social Work1647 Words   |  7 Pages Social Injustice, Racism, and Social Work Rachel Condit December 4, 2017 Professor Keyes Social Work 1111 Social Injustice and Ism’s Social injustice is any issue when unfair practices are being carried out in society. Social injustice effects many groups today, especially minorities. Societal isms are the prejudicial attitudes directed against groups that society identifies as â€Å"lesser†-less capable, less productive, and less normal. Racism Racism is defined as an ideologyRead MoreThe Role of Racism and Social Injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird859 Words   |  4 Pagesranges from racism, prejudice to social injustice which goes to show how human beings can be very cruel to fellow human beings simply because they are different from themselves. Tom Robinson’s trial further shows that in a society where the white race is seen to be superior, no other race mattered. This paper therefore is an analysis of the themes that emerge from the court proceedings of the Tom Robinson trial. It goes on to analyze how the content shapes the language used and how social identitiesRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Social Injustice Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesReally the Truth? Social injustice has flooded the world and will continue to flood the world until someone stops all this evil. In Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression, there is poverty and racism ruling over the South. Scout Finch has yet to realize all the evil surrounding her and her family. The evil that takes over Maycomb is the racism that lives in the hearts of its citizens. In To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, readers see a view of social injustices caused by racism through the MaycombRead MoreRacial Injustice Is A Major Social Problem Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesRacial Injustice Without any doubt, issues of racial injustice is a major social problem in our society. It not only affects how people view each other, but also how people interact and cooperate with each other. A lot of people are not aware of the racial issues that are still occurring in the United States, and even worldwide. It is an immense economic and social problem that is faced in communities. There are different forms of racism that is still seen currently in the judicial system, schoolRead MoreThe Priorities Of The United States Public Policy Making Process949 Words   |  4 Pagesand unsustainable lifestyles. The environmental issues we face are dispersed unevenly in communities, especially in urban areas among minorities. The unequitable dispersal of environmental hazards, transforms a physical resource problem into one of social justice and political decisions. David Pellow addresses this issue in his book, Garbage Wars, by providing a history of movements, technology, politics, waste management and waste conflicts in the US to create an understanding of how inequalitiesRead MoreThe Importance Of Kneeling During The National Anthem1323 Words   |  6 PagesKneeling during the National Anthem creates a lot of tension between citizens, especially when it is used to protest a highly controversial topic to begin with. Kneeling during the National Anthem began as a protest about police brutality and racial injustice but exploded into many other subcategories and arguments. Many people have begun to question the integrity and beliefs of many players who have used kneeling or sitting during the National Anthem as a form of protest. One of the more frequents interpretationsRead MoreThe Colors Of Racism By John Steinbeck And Of Mice And Men 1330 Words   |  6 Pages The Colors of Racism in Of Mice and Men The struggle of racism in America is one which has been regularized in American society. The devaluation and undermining of colored individuals has become commonplace, due to social injustice. In particular, racial discrimination prevails among African American societies due to the color of their skin, and the stereotypical notions of racial superiority that the white race illuminates. For over three-hundred years, the African American communities haveRead MoreRace Theory Of Race And Racism845 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of race and racism have been used by sociologists to not only describe modern societies but also address issues of social injustice and achieve an end to racial oppression. Critical race theory is one of the most widely used for this purpose and provides the structure employed by Dwanna Robertson in her analysis of racism against Native Americans and the consequences they have experienced as a result. She uses the term legitimized racism to discuss the racializat ion of American Indians.Read MoreInequalities And Social Justice Issues1488 Words   |  6 PagesInequalities and social justice issues abound in life. Some people are rich, some poor. Some are musically gifted, others are tone deaf. Some people with different skin colour. Some have photographic memories; others must work very hard to remember even a small portion of what they read. Some are held hostage by terrorists, others move about freely. Some people are physically attractive to many others, some are not. Some people come from homes in which they have every advantage, while others come

Laser Alignment Theory free essay sample

Modern optical metrology uses precise lines and planes in space from which measurements are made. Because this method creates these features using light it has become known as optical tooling. The 35 year old historical development and current technology of laser instrumentation as used in optical tooling is discussed in detail. This includes the how the measurements are made, applications, and the technology of alignment lasers and position sensing targets developed for sensing position within a laser beam or plane.The various geometries used to make alignment measurements are discussed in detail. Applications are discussed and the challenges each poses are discussed. The challenge of long range alignment and the effect of the turbulent atmosphere on the measurement process is discussed along with methods of handling the associated errors them. WHAT IS OPTICAL TOOLING? Optical tooling is a means establishing and utilizing a line of sight (LOS) to obtain precise reference lines and reference planes from which accurate measurements are made with position sensitive targets. 1] Formerly the measurements were done by a person interpreting a scale or optical micrometer by looking through an alignment telescope; today the lines and planes are created by a laser; the measurements are digital and require no interpretation. Optical tooling uses the principle that light travels in straight lines to produce precise measurements that cannot be reached by manual or mechanical methods. Level lines can be established over great distances so accurately that every point is exactly perpendicular to the force of gravity.Plumb lines can be set to a given level. Right angles can be produced quickly and precisely with auxiliary components. In the assembly, maintenance and calibration of industrial equipment or in the alignment of precision systems, one or as many as four basic questions always must be answered: is it straight, is it flat, is it plumb or is it square? A number of techniques have been developed to make these measurements; however, many of them result in inaccuracies so great that proper operation of the equipment involved will be compromised or seriously endangered.The science of optical metrology and alignment makes it possible to achieve the highest degree of accuracy in answering these four import ant questions. It is no longer necessary to interpret readings or to make constant adjustments and calculations. In laser alignment applications, direct, precision measurements are made rapidly and consistently. Straightness In aligning several points, a tight wire is often used as a reference line. This technique has numerous drawbacks and introduces inaccuracy. First of all, wire has weight, which causes it to sag; over long distances this sag can become considerable.In addition, wire vibrates, can bend or kink, and when stretched in the area to be measured, equipment cannot be moved around for fear of disturbing the wire reference line. Even a gentle breeze can cause the wire to move sideways a considerable amount; the aerodynamic drag on a thin wire is huge. In laser alignment, the LOS of is established by a laser beam instead of a tight wire. The invisible LOS reference has no weight, cannot sag, kink, or be disturbed, nor is it a safety hazard. It constitutes a precise, unvarying reference, determining straightness to within thousandths of an inch.Flatness In order to determine flatness a shop level and a straightedge was employed in the past. However, over large horizontal areas, the shop level must be moved from part to part. Consequently, one can only tell the degree of flatness of each individual surface upon which the level is place. Whether all objects in a large area are flat is still in doubt. Flatness over a considerable area must be assured in the erection of large machinery, surface tables and large machine tools. Conventional bubble levels simply do not offer the degree of precision required. Laser levels, a termed that has fallen into generic use, offer a way to produce a level datum over a wide area. Laser technology has overcome the many disadvantages of bubble levels and assures levelness to within a few thousandths of an inch over hundreds of feet. This high degree of levelness is accomplished by horizontally sweeping the laser beam manually or via a motor driven rotary stage. This revolving line of laser light becomes a horizontal plane of sight, giving a precise horizontal reference datum, sometimes called a waterline. SquarenessPerfect squareness implies that one plane forms a 90Â ° angle with another intersecting plane. When a steel square is used to test for this condition, the results can be very misleading. Such measurements rely upon the trueness of the steel square, which can vary from square to square with time. In addition, steel squares have a definite limit in their physical dimensions and consequently the testing of very large surface becomes inaccurate, slow and cumbersome. Laser alignment overcomes all these disadvantages and offers a quick and precise method for determining squareness.One method is to use a transparent penta prism in conjunction with a simple alignment laser. This optical element will split the beam from the laser into two parts; one beam passes through the prism undeviated, the other beam is reflected at a perfect 90 degree angle. This will be described in more detail later. Other systems use three independently mounted lasers that are orthogonal to each other. Plumb Classically, a plumb bob is used to establish a single vertical reference line. Of course, as vertical distances increase, the plumb bob becomes cumbersome and inaccurate. It takes a long time for the plumb bob to settle.Also, it can easily be swayed by vibration, air currents, and other disturbances which are bound to be encountered. In the laser alignment method there are several ways to produce a plumb reference; it can be a plane or a line. To form a plumb line, an alignment laser with autocollimating capability is used with a pool of almost any liquid. Autocollimation senses the angle of an external mirror by reflecting its beam back into the laser head. A position sensor, beamsplitter and lens measure the angle of the reflected beam. When the laser is adjusted such that the internal sensor reads 0 in both axes, then the laser is producing a plumb line.For example, if a heavy machine tool is being surveyed, the two reference points which determine the LOS should be located off of the machine. If for any reason the machine were to move or deflect all measurements would be in error. The two reference points should be located close enough to be convenient to use and/or out of the way of other people working in the area. Transits and alignment telescopes first made these types of measurements. But the problem with transits and telescopes is that they require a person to interpret a scale placed on the object of interest; and usually a second person is holding the scale against the object. It is a two person job that takes time and much training to accomplish successfully. It is also subject to errors. This type of alignment measurement, commonly called straightness, is the most basic of all alignment applications. The figure below shows an alignment laser source on the left whose collimated beam is striking a position sensor target on the right. The target can freely slide and make measurements of straightness of the structure to which it is attached. [pic] Another common requirement is to establish another LOS perpendicular or parallel to the original LOS.To establish a perpendicular a special prism is used: a penta prism. A penta prism has the property that rotation around its axis does not deviate the reflected beam at all; it does not have to be critically mounted. Penta prisms are often called optical squares, an appropriate term. To establish a parallel LOS to an existing LOS typically involves tooling bars if the distance is relatively short, say a meter or less. These bars are made of steel and hold electronic targets at a precise distance from a center. Using two of them with the original LOS establishes a parallel LOS.If the distance between the two LOS is large, then it can be done using the penta prism twice; the first time to turn the beam 90 degrees, followed by a certain distance, and concluded by turning the beam back 90 degrees. Care must be taken that two LOS are truly parallel; usually using a level reference datum makes the task much easier. The next alignment application involves measuring the alignment error between two different LOS datums; the typical application is to determine the lateral offset and angular error between two shafts.The shafts essentially define the two LOSs. The measurement consists of setting up the source on one shaft and parallel to it. The targets are placed on the second shaft and surveyed. Then the shafts are rotated 180 degrees and surveyed again; the difference is twice the shaft offset. If the target is placed at two axial locations and measured for offset, the difference in the offsets divided by twice the axial separation is the angular error in radians. The figure below shows a typical method to measure shaft alignment errors using a laser and target. [pic]A more sophisticated alignment application is to sweep a laser beam quickly to generate a plane of light. The advantage of this is that many targets can be aligned using one laser source. In simple straightness applications the target location is restricted to the active area of the position sensor. In swept plane alignment, the targets are using sensitive in only one dimension. A typical application to establish a level plane is to put three or more targets at the same (desired) waterline location and adjust the structure the targets are on until all targets read the same.The targets for swept plane alignment can be static, meaning they require the laser beam to be directed in to them constantly. Usually the laser beam is swept by hand by rotating a knob on the laser source. If the laser plane is moving at high speed, say once a second or faster, then the targets must capture and hold the position of the laser beam as the beam sweeps by. The problem becomes harder to accomplish at longer distance because the beam is on the detector for such a short periods of time. The figure below shows a horizontally swept level laser beam scanning by several targets placed on a machine bed.

How Diversity Relates to Education free essay sample

In the general education system, it is very important that there is a wide array of diverse groups in the classroom. â€Å"It is important to have a diverse student body, not only to create a realistic setting but also to encourage people to grow outside their boundaries and learn something new about a culture they may not be familiar with. (Pendulum 1) I believe diversity is an important part of the educational system. It is something positive, and not something one should fear. I also believe that diversity I crucial to a growing child. In this essay, I will address how diversity relates to education in general and how it relates to me as a future teacher. Diversity and education in America is an important topic in today’s education system. Inclusion is a key factor in the classroom; it helps bring diversity in to the lives of many children all over the world. We will write a custom essay sample on How Diversity Relates to Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By having diversity in the classroom students can learn about peoples differences that make them special and unique. Through my time in taking this diversity class I have come to realize how important it is to teach children that everyone is different and special in their own way. As the student population in American schools becomes increasingly diverse, educators must respond with school reform efforts that meet the needs of all students. In order to do so, teachers need to be prepared to take on the diverse student population. Going through the school of education and this diversity class, I am able to understand now that teachers must develop a culturally sensitive curriculum that integrates multicultural viewpoints and histories, to apply instructional strategies that encourage all students to achieve, and review school and district policies related to educational equity. From my educational background so far I know that teachers must become adept at choosing printed, electronic, and audiovisual materials, and in selecting topics and assignments that value the wide variety of perspectives and interests that exist among the students in any given classroom. The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect, it means understanding each student in the classroom is unique and recognizing their individual differences. â€Å"Children exposed to diverse cultures in the classroom learn to understand different points of view, which is an important part of education† (Canadian Teachers 1). Children learn to celebrate differences and learn how to work together to be successful. If teachers are accepting of students differences they will be able to look at students for their potential instead of with a bias in mind, and this will help them teach more successfully. As a future teacher, I think it is important to create a tolerant, accepting and caring classroom atmosphere and here are a couple things one can do as a teacher to incorporate diversity in the classroom. By discussing diversity, and why it is a positive thing, creating lesson plans that discuss the cultures of my students and cultures of the community I teach in, by discussing religious beliefs of the community, and by speaking to students about disabilities and at risk students will help children in my class realize that these differences do not make someone less than them. I would also teach students about socioeconomic issues and how they affect students, and will teach the differences in gender and about gender stereotypes. I will teach these stereotypes but allow both boys and girls in my classroom the same equal opportunities. I believe discussing these issues to today’s youth will help show students that all people have needs, and I would emphasize that it is important for students to accept and help each other in order to benefit themselves and the world around them. I think that by teaching lessons that incorporate diversity students can identify and overcome biases, and as a teacher I will also learn about my biases from the students in my care. As a teacher it is important to make sure the classroom atmosphere is comfortable in order to ensure productivity. Teaching students that differences are a good thing and those differences can be learned from and valued is a way to help ensure a positive classroom environment. As a teacher I will help my students understand biases, and I will help them be able to accept differences and treat people fairly by educating them about the differences of the people around them. I believe there are many ways a teacher can incorporate diversity lessons into the classroom. Overall, I believe that teaching students to respect each other despite their differences will benefit the students, the teachers, and the rest of the world. Diversity is an important topic today because everyone is different and unique; as a teacher I understand that I will never be in a school that is not a diverse teaching environment. I think that by taking this diversity class, it has helped me to realize and understand the importance diversity in the classroom and the community has to offer.

The Football World Cup The WritePass Journal

The Football World Cup The Football World Cup .   The introduction of the Internet, ever-increasing wages and transfer fees for players, the Bosman ruling, increased media coverage of games, footballers gaining celebrity status have all changed the game in some way.   Similarly, stars such as David Beckham and Wayne Rooney are known just as much for what they do off the pitch as they are for what they do on it.   Hence, they are also not allowed to be just a working class lad.   They have to be spectacularised as much as the game itself. Spectacularisation therefore is defined by Macionis and Plummer (2007) as a kind of ‘mediated simulacrum’ by which everyone is watching the same event where everything is blown up to Widescreen proportions (Macionis and Plummer: 2008: 84)beyond reality to hyperreality.   The concept of a mediated simulacrum comes from the ideas of the literary critic Jean Baudrillard who maintained that the media image as seen on the television and the Internet is this ‘mediated simulacrum’. Topor (2010), citing Baudrillard, states that: The media itself is therefore responsible for this breakdown of reality since it only provides us with simulated events and communications. As long as there is media, there will exist a simulation and reproduction of signs that constitute reality.   The relation of media to simulation is an investigation into the idea of unknowable reality (Topor: 2002: no page number given). In   terms of blowing up from reality to hyperreality   it could be argued that the propaganda of the Italian government on the run-up to the 1934 World Cup helped maintain public excitement in the upcoming event.   According to Gordon and London (2007), wireless ownership in Italy was low compared to other countries but people often listened to the radio collectively in public places (Tomlinson and Young: 2008: 46). Moreover, they were often listening to sports programmes.   However, according to Gordon and London (2007), citing Ricanatesi:1978): The rapid acceleration of state initiatives in radio, from the early 1930’s, coincided with the build up to the World Cup, and the role of radio in football was immeasurably enhanced following the debut in 1933 of commentator Niccolo Carosio, whose florid, creative and decidedly non-technical broadcasts..Radio sales saw a spurt for the World Cup (Tomlinson and Young: 2007: 46) Even though the audience would not have been the same in terms of size and the technology used would only have been the radio broadcast to a select few who had wirelesses, the effect of making the real into hyper-reality would have been the same. As mentioned above by Whannel (1992), part of the spectacularisation of football has been the removal of the maximum wage as well as an increase in transfer fees paid from one club to another.   In terms of the professionalization of players it is also only part of the story.   Indeed, players now command huge weekly wages and transfer fees which have become increasingly larger over the decades.   To put things in perspective, Nottingham Forest paid out  £1 million for Trevor Francis in 1980 and this was considered to be the most expensive transfer ever.   He became the first ‘million pound player’ in the world.   In 2010, Real Madrid paid out  £100 million pounds for Cristiano Ronaldo.   Both of these transfers are put into perspective when it is considered that all of the 1930 World Cup team had other jobs as well as being international football players (Lisi: 2008: 8). As well as this, players are now members of professional bodies (like the PFA in England or even the FA) and as such they are subject to rules of conduct and behaviour in much the same way as other professions are.   In this way, they are more socially controlled.   According to Macionis and Plummer (2007) professionalization means that: Sports are not just played. Now they have ‘elite groups’-the professional organizations which mark both standards (and boundaries) of skill. Sports are socially controlled and regulated (Macionis and Plummer:   2007:84). Postmodernised sport, as defined by Macionis and Plummer (2008: 84), represents a splintering and increase of the amount of sports played.   It also represents differing groups playing their own versions of a sporting event (‘Gay Olympics’, Paralympics).   However, the part of the definition as put forward by Macionis and Plummer (2008: 84), is the idea that the World Cup is becoming ‘more and more a media event’.   Obviously, this is also connected to all of the other aspects of how the World Cup has changed.   Commercialisation and consumption have made it possible for the World Cup to be more visible to more people by providing the revenue as well as the means to do so.   Globalisation has been made possible by the technology used to beam the events into every country throughout the world.   Spectacularisation has meant that world events like the World Cup are not just covered by the media.   They are heightened from reality to hyper-reality by means of HD televisions and interactivity through the Internet.   In this way, postmodernisation or the process of postmodernism can be explained. Roughly interpreted, postmodernism is not actually easy to define but the clearest definition is: Postmodernism is largely a reaction to the assumed certainty of scientific , or objective, efforts   to explain reality.   In essence, it stems from a recognition that reality is not simply mirrored in human understanding of it, but rather, is constructed as the mind tries to understand its own particular and personal reality (www.pbs.org/faithandreason/gengloss/postm-body.html) So in the case of the ‘postmodernisation’ of football and the World Cup in particular it is the way in which football has been etched onto the public consciousness by repeated images (Electronic, printed and broadcast)that has made the World Cup a postmodernised concept. Conclusion This is obviously as far removed from the World Cup’s early beginnings at it could possibly be.   However, the seeds were already being sown especially in light of the efforts made by the Italian government on the run-up to 1934 to enhance the experience of the Italian public of what was rapidly becoming their national sport. Since that time the World Cup has become an international event which has seen many things happen and has made sure that these events have been broadcast to the viewing public (though in the case of the shooting of the Colombian player in 1994 that was not the case). The goal-that-never-was in the 1966 World Cup final, Pele,   Banks’ save in 1970, The Hand of God incident in 1986, the penalty shootouts in 1990; the list could go on and on.   However, they have all been written into the public consciousness by an ever-increasingly knowing publicity machine which now uses a combination of media coverage and merchandising to get its point across. In turn , the World Cup has come to represent each nation’s feelings and aspirations about itself.   Political events which have remained in the background of events on the field have shown themselves in the way that rivalries have been maintained, victories have been celebrated and defeats have been commiserated.   This fact has been true ever since the first World Cup but has been accentuated by the increase in technology and the amount of distance covered by electronic signals to bring these projected images into the lounges and bars of the worldwide population. Reference List Critcher, C, (1979), ‘Football since the War’ IN: Clarke, C, Critcher, C and Johnson, R (Eds.), ‘Working Class Culture, Hutchinson, London Gordon, R, and London, J (2006), ‘Chapter 3: Italy 1934: Football and Fascism’,IN: Tomlinson A and Young, C (eds.) (2006) ‘National Identity and Global Sports Events: Culture, Politics and Spectacle in the Olympics and the Football World Cup’, State University of New York Press, State University of New York, Albany NY   USA Lisi, CA, (2011), ‘A History of the World Cup 1930-2010’, Scarecrow Press, Maryland, USA Macionis, JJ, and Plummer, K (2007), ‘Sociology: A Global Introduction’, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, England Topor, J (2002), ‘Simulation, simulacrum, definition of’, Available at www.csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/simulationsimulacrum2.htm Whannel, G, (1992), ‘Media Sports Stars: Masculinities and Moralities, Routledge Press, London Dictionary.com, ‘consumption’ Available at www.dictionary.com Definition of postmodernism available at www.pbs.org/faithandreason/gengloss/postm-body.html, no author given

The condition of secondary education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The condition of secondary education - Essay Example lt, secondary schools in the US are under constant pressure to perform regardless of the availability of materials and programs capable of improving educational quality. The vast majority of American secondary schools are public institutions dependent on funding from local, state, and federal governmental sources. However, this funding is contingent on the performance of students on standardized tests within core academic areas. The â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act† requires that schools maintain certain levels of achievement in math and English and provide proof of this through yearly state testing of the student body. This law applies to both primary and secondary schools, and facilities which fail to achieve the required standard risk losing their federal funding and may fall under the requirements of their state (New York Times, 2011). Besides the additional expense related to standardized testing, this increases pressure on teachers and administrators and limits the flexibility of the educational system in general concerning topics of academic concentration and teaching methods. While secondary education is subjected to constant governmental statues demanding compliance with current statutes, that funding which is available is not adequate to provide schools with all of the required materials, staff, faculty training, and educational programs needed to provide high quality education. As over 90 percent of secondary schools are public institutions, they bear near total responsibility for educating the minors within the population. Overcrowding within dense populations further strains available text books and other learning materials and limits the availability of instructors. Recent studies suggest that the combination of these circumstances greatly inhibits a student’s ability to learn (wik.edu.uiuc.edu, n.d.). This threatens the ability of individual schools to achieve testing standards in order to gain future funding while reducing the quality of education

How sex in advertising has negative effects on societies perception of Term Paper - 1

How sex in advertising has negative effects on societies perception of beauty - Term Paper Example This "How sex in advertising has negative effects on societies perception of beauty" essay outlines the impact of the usage of sex images in advertisement on our society and our standards of beauty. In most of the current advanced societies, children spend more times in front of televisions and computers rather than in play grounds. â€Å"Research has shown that young children—younger than 8 years—are cognitively and psychologically defenseless against advertising. They do not understand the notion of intent to sell and frequently accept advertising claims at face value†. Children during their early developmental stages may not possess the ability to segregate between good and evil. Moreover, children also possess intrinsic thirst for sexual activities even though it may not be visible or identifiable to others. When a sex provoking advertisement is displayed in front of the children, they are getting a new knowledge or a wrong message which they will keep in the ir mind forever. For example, bedroom scenes are common in the advertisements of condoms and beauty products. These advertisements often portray males as the symbol of strength or stamina and females as the symbol of beauty or figure. Children watching these advertisements may develop a feeling that only stronger men and beautiful women are capable of enjoying sexual life. In their 2002 thesis, â€Å"Effects of Sex in the Media,† scholars Richard J. Harris and Christina L. Scott address the effect of visual cultures whose morals are affected by this advertising. They say a worldview that progressively reflects the perception of the media may be refined by repeated contact to a regular set of messages. As an example, they say â€Å"watching numerous sitcoms and movies showing teenagers being sexually active may cultivate acceptance of such a position in the viewer and thus weaken family- taught values against pre-marital sex.† So, the viewing of sexual images in adverti sing also distorts the moral values of teenagers, maybe even to the point of rebellion against the values their family taught them (Robertson, p.2) â€Å"Sex is used in commercials to sell everything from beer to shampoo to cars. New research is showing that teenagers' exposure to sexual content in the media may be responsible for earlier onset of sexual intercourse or other

Clausewitz in the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

Clausewitz in the 21st Century Essay The work of Carl von Clausewitz continues to bring about heated debate in the 21st Century. While many scholars see Clausewitz’s On War as an indispensible military thought in the modern times, others view it as an obsolete or morally repellent argument for unlimited, unrestrained and brutal warfare. [1] Notwithstanding the opposition of present times, this renowned work is considered incomplete and its lack of prescriptive contents has subjected it to interpretations and discourses. Facing this encumbrance, the study of On War has to go beyond textual analysis to an appreciation of the historical context which influenced the author’s thinking and the evolution of the book over time. Fortunately, with the enduring efforts of numerous historians, we now know that Clausewitz’s experiences in the Napoleonic Wars and his study in the age of Frederick the Great (and beyond) allowed him to create a unified, all encompassing theory of war. [2] To date, much literature has been written to attest to the relevance of Clausewitz’s theories in modern warfare and assert the timelessness of On War. This paper examines the insights gained from the great studies on Clausewitz’s works and re-confirm the continued relevance of his theories by: (1) identifying the character of 21st Century warfare, followed by (2) an interpretation of Clausewitz’s theories and his underlying thinking, and finally (3) examining the relevance of the theories concerned and determine how they can be applied in the 21st Century. The 21st Century Warfare The character of warfare has evolved since the passing of Carl von Clausewitz 180 years ago. The likelihood of massive clashes between onventional forces seems to be diminishing and the world has seen the dawn of non-state actors challenging established states with asymmetric warfare[4] techniques. William Lind aptly chronicled the evolution of warfare in four generations, which began with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. He described present day warfare as fourth-generation warfare (4GW) that is characterized by a universal crisis of legitimacy of the state, where militaries had to fight against threats that are transnational in nature and are very difficult to deal with. 5] The capabilities of these threat entities stem from the effects of globalisation that have enabled further, faster, deeper and cheaper means to reach around the world. [6] In addition to the physical reach, today’s information technology has also brought about various modern communication avenues that allow collaboration and ready access to information. Consequently, this also allowed rapid access to media pipelines enabling belligerents to exploit them to further their cause. These have bestowed transnational terrorist organisations such as Al-Qaeda, and the more sophisticated Hezbollah[7], with the abilities to acquire equipment, knowledge and instruments that rival those of the traditional state to wage wars. According to Lind, 4GW also brings together the relevance of mass firepower dominated by artillery in the second-generation warfare and manoeuvre concepts of third-generation warfare, making it more complex than ever before. Therefore, we can conclude at this point that 21st Century strategists and war-fighters have to contend with both conventional threats from traditional states and unconventional threats from non-state actors, both whom are capable of waging wars. Intricacies of Clausewitz’s Work To grasp how Clausewitz’s theories can be applied in 4GW, it is necessary to decipher the underlying thinking of the author’s work. Many of Clausewitz’s theories articulated in On War are remarkably well integrated despite the fact that On War is an unfinished book. Without going into details, this can be illustrated using Clausewitz’s famous paradoxical trinity. The constructs of the trinity comprises three interrelated components of war, namely â€Å"the commander and his army†, â€Å"the people† and â€Å"the government. †[8] Clausewitz connected each of these human actors to three sets of forces: (1) The commander and his army are paired mainly with non-rational forces of riction, chance and probability, (2) the people are paired mainly with irrational forces that refers to the emotions of primordial violence, hatred and enmity, and (3) the government, which is less of a concern in this paper, is paired mainly with the rational force of calculation and reasoning. [9] As illustrated, Clausewitz has unified many ideas and concepts he developed over the period of study in his own youth and middle age. The following discussion will examine the specific ideas and theories concerned. The Irrational Elements Irrational forces† is one of the three forces that were interpreted by Bassford to provide a symmetrical representation of dominant tendencies in Clausewitz’s trinity. [10] While the three sets of forces were paired with each component of the trinity, it must be stressed that Clausewitz actually used the word â€Å"mehr†¦zugewendet† in his original German manuscript, which means â€Å"mainly,† in the associations. [11] Thus, it is clear that the author did not rule out that any one of the forces can be present in all components to some variable extent, and that this is the reason behind dialectical relationships between components. Indeed, looking at the real world, military men and politicians are also members of â€Å"the people,† given that they may belong to different parts of society. In that sense, irrational forces are linked to all human actors and therefore its dominant beliefs will provide the fuel for political decisions[12]. This in turn may shape the outcome of a military campaign, which is consequential based on Clausewitz’s argument that â€Å"war is an instrument of policy. † In his book, Clausewitz contended that the â€Å"[population is] an integral element among the factors at work in war†[13] and conceived the idea of â€Å"People’s War,† defining it as a state-sponsored insurrection by armed civilians against an invader in support of action by army and the regular forces of allies. [14] This phenomenon was observed during the Napoleonic period where enormous armies that were raised using conscripts led to overwhelmed defending states to adopt â€Å"another means of war† by arming their people. 15] When a state has to wage a People’s War, the significance of irrational forces heightens and the interplay amongst the three components of Clausewitz’s trinity become more distinct. In the light of this discussion, it implies that the irrational elements in war can be referred to both the human actors of Clausewitz’s trinity, predominantly â€Å"the people†, and also, what Clausewitz called it, the â⠂¬Å"blind natural force† of primordial violence, hatred and enmity. [16] Friction, Chance and Uncertainty The concepts of chance, uncertainty and friction can hardly be examined independent of each other. When Clausewitz himself introduced friction, he brought in chance as the key subject to friction in war: â€Å"This tremendous friction cannot†¦be reduced to a few points, is everywhere in contact with chance, and brings about effects that cannot be measured, just because they are largely due to chance. †[17] For Clausewitz, friction is neither extrinsic nor abnormal[18]; it is the reflection of the effects in the real world. Friction can be generation internally within the military â€Å"machine†[19], as in physics, and externally by the collision of two opposing armies. [20] Thus with the concept of friction, Clausewitz conveyed that one can never fully anticipate how the battle will unfold, and it is only through a good military system and the strong will of the commander that friction in war can be counteracted. [21] Throughout On War, apart from Clausewitz’s pervasive mention of chance, its definition can nowhere be found. Beyerchen aptly brought in the three forms of chance conceived by the late nineteenth-century mathematician, Henri Poincare, to explain Clausewitz’s interpretation of chance. The first form is a statistical random phenomenon whereby Clausewitz referred to the role of possibility in a commander’s assessment. While some statistical analysis can be used, this form of chance requires the judgment of an experienced commander in war. The second form is the amplification of a microcause, where Poincare explained on a system point of view that certain deterministic system can cause disproportionately large effects at later time. Clausewitz work has embedded this idea in his very articulation on uncertainty and friction where the various contact of chance at the micro level, which may be concealed, can develop and produce effects at the macro level. The third form is the function of analytical blindness which is a result of simplifying the real world phenomena by people and making war seems like a linear concept instead of a complex and nonlinear state of affairs[22]. With all the complexities involved, Clausewitz stressed that the play of chance goes beyond the commander’s simple calculation of probability to a need for an intuition that allows him to exploit chance to his advantage. Culmination of the Attack Clausewitz defined culminating point of the attack as â€Å"the point where [the attacker’s] remaining strength is just enough to maintain a defence and wait for peace. † Moving beyond that point exposes the attacker to counterattack from the enemy â€Å"with a force that is usually much stronger than that of the original attack. [23] According to Clausewitz, losses will usually be greater than the gains in an attack. As the army advanced, its lines of communication will be stretched, forces will be pulled aside to control areas and other situations may be developed which will turn against the attacker. [24] As a result, the attacker has to stop at some point to rest and adopt a defensive posture for a period of time before proceeding. This is the point where the commander has to decide and exercise his imagination, as Clausewitz concluded, â€Å"what matters therefore is to detect the culminating point with discriminative judgement. †[25] Center of Gravity Antulio J. Echevarria II, a lieutenant colonel in the U. S. Army, observed that center of gravity (CoG) appeared more than fifty times in On War, and explained Clausewitz’s conceptualization of the centre of gravity as being based on mechanical sciences, just as he had conceived his theory on friction. [26] Clausewitz described CoG as a focal point, â€Å"the hub of all power and movement, on which everything depends. †[27] By this, which is often misunderstood, he does not mean that the CoG is the source of power. In fact, it is the centralizing function that holds power system together, and in some cases give them purpose and direction. Clausewitz qualified that CoG is valid only when the enemy, â€Å"whether a single state or an alliance of states, have a certain unity and therefore some cohesion. †[29] When the enemy’s CoG is identified, Clausewitz advocates that all â€Å"energies should be directed† at this point to defeat the enemy. [30] Relevance of Clausewitz’s Theories in the 21st Century Thus far, the paper has briefly built a foundational understanding on present day warfare and some of Clausewitz’s brilliant ideas. Already it is quite obvious that many of Clausewitz’s thoughts still stand in present day context and are potentially applicable in 4GW. This proposition is contrary to what many critics have suggested; On War as bloodthirsty, misguided and obsolete. [31] These comments can easily be dispelled because they are often made on the superficial understanding that went little beyond the textual analysis of the book, and often built upon erroneous readings from others. Nevertheless, the fact remains that On War was written almost two centuries ago where the political, social, economic and technological evolutions of today could not be foreseen by Clausewitz. Therefore, in order to render Clausewitz his deserved place in the today’s modern age of technology, the following discussion on his ideas and concepts will not be critical towards the material changes in the 21st Century. Significance of Irrational Elements in 4GW It is axiomatic that conflicts nation-states engage in today relate closely the effects from irrational elements. Following the September 11 attacks, the world saw invasions into Afghanistan in 2001 followed by Iraq in 2003 by coalition forces. In the case of Operation Enduring Freedom (the war in Afghanistan), the cause of war stemmed from worldwide public uproar and support to root-out terror. Given the mandate by the people, the governments gain legitimacy and political will to commit their armed forces to the enduring global war on terror (GWOT). On the other hand, Operation Iraqi Freedom presented a case of â€Å"unconvincing† invasion of Iraq. As seen from how the operation unfolded, the war lost its popularity amongst the populace due to controversies that were presented as a result of the prolonged and seemingly unending war. Pressures began to be exerted by the public on their governments to draw down their armed forces’ involvement. After three years of coalition occupation in Iraq, it was found that majority of the British and Canadian people believed that the war in Iraq was unjustified. [32] A poll conducted on by the BBC World Service in January 2007 had also shown that 73% of the world population was against the handling of the Iraq War by the U. S. [33] It is thus arguable that the large-scale withdrawal of coalition forces which followed in 2009 was largely a result of public disapproval. Therein, it aptly demonstrated the significance of irrational elements, even in the context of the GWOT. Another noteworthy case in the GWOT will be the utility of â€Å"force† by terrorists. Their strategy resembles the â€Å"People’s War† which Clausewitz described. Despite being technologically and numerically inferior, Taliban operatives in Afghanistan are able to capitalize on the people, the natives of the land, to solicit like-mindedness through provocation and propaganda of the deed. [34] Until the NATO coalition is able to sever linkages between the terrorists and the natives, a repeat of the U. S. efeat in Vietnam War remains in prospect. This is an arduous task but nevertheless is in progress. It is thus clear that irrational elements of both sides (own and the native population) have to be part of the strategic and operational considerations in the 4GW. Without due considerations to pacify and buy-over the irrational elements will result in an unbalance trinity and ultimate defeat. Influence of the CoG in 4GW The wide recognition and various adaptations by various militaries of the CoG concept allow this paper to further examine on how this concept influenced the conduct of modern wars. If the current war in Afghanistan is a People’s War, like the paper has suggested, the native population becomes a logical focus. Indeed, the new strategy adopted by NATO since 2010 has placed the Afghan people as the CoG in this conflict. [35] Two of the main thrusts announced by NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander, Admiral James Stavridis include the protection of the Afghan people and to conduct effective strategic communication to win their hearts and minds. [36] Correspondingly, the U. S. ’s Af-Pak strategy that is in effect since early 2009 also focuses on the protection of Afghan people as a top agenda. Over the past one year, U. S. counterinsurgency (COIN) efforts have been more deliberate in their intelligence gathering and analysis to ensure that the most appropriate actions are taken, even at the lowest tactical level. In essence, the enhanced intelligence work effectively supports the traditional hunt-the-enemy role and at the same time, prevents unnecessary collateral damage thereby keeping the population safe. [38] With this brief account of the coalition effort in Afghanistan, it suffices to show that tremendous energies from all levels are directed at the CoG. Therefore, it can be concluded that the CoG concept remains relevant in 4GW and once it is identified, it produces consequential downstream effects that influences operations at the operational and tactical levels. Relevance of Friction, Chance and Uncertainty in the Technological World While it was earlier noted that Clausewitz would not have envisaged the technological development of today, his arguments on the variables of war – friction, chance and uncertainty – had not been altered. In fact, the element of uncertainty has now been compounded by the introduction of a new dynamic variable – technology itself. The advancement of technology has brought about chain of effects, impacting the social, political, bureaucratic, managerial and psychological systems. All these caused a quantum jump in the complexity of warfare. [39] Correspondingly, this led to the increased specialization and compartmentalization of the military which in turn create internal friction. If the contact with chance creates friction, like what Clausewitz suggested, with the existing military technologies today that enable longer range communication and observation capabilities, the amount of contact with chance increases and hence friction from external sources. Take for instance, intelligence collection – with so much information that can be acquired with the use of today’s technology, that is far from being unreliable as during Clausewitz’s time, the commander may be overwhelmed and become paralyzed just by trying to sift the relevant data from the trivial ones. As Clausewitz put it, â€Å"We now know more, but this makes us more, not less uncertain. †[41] While technology today may have eradicated many of the old-time difficulties, it created new problems. Among the problems, include a tendency of over-reliance on technology which may hinder the development of intuition and readiness to accept risk,[42] the qualities of commander that are necessary to exploit chance and counter friction. Hence, in today’s military context, friction that arises from both external and internal sources should be dealt with.

GMO Foods :: Science Agriculture Papers

GMO Foods A great deal of controversy has arisen with the advent of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), especially surrounding the production, sale, and consumption of genetically modified foods. Many people are concerned, if not convinced, that the consumption of GMO foods by human beings may pose serious health risks. The concern is centered around the notion that there could potentially be various different unforeseen consequences due to the consumption of GMO foods. In addressing potential side effects and byproducts of the creation of transgenic foods, such as potential toxicity and allergenicity, it was found that the possibility and probability of these side effects are being regularly assessed and precautions are being taken to detect and avoid them. Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) was also taken into consideration and though it is indeed possible that gene transfer of the genetically modified (GM) gene into the DNA of mammalian cells could occur, it would not have any persisten t or negative effect on the recipient. HGT into microorganisms might be a concern if antibiotic resistance was conveyed to the recipient but in light of this fact resistance to key antibiotics is not used in the creation of GMOs. Therefore, the overall potential of GM foods to have negative effects on human health due to the aforementioned phenomena is negligible. Introduction The commercial production and consumption of Genetically Modified (GM) foods is perceived by many to be a novel technology that has been poorly evaluated and could potentially be harmful to humans. Though these foods seem very new, the first regulatory approval of GM crops occurred in 1995 (A. Konig et al., 2004). It was in the mid-1980s that the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the US Office of Science and Technology Policy were working to assess the safety and need for regulation of GM crops and any other foods produced using GM crops. That puts us back at least twenty years from today in our ongoing scrutiny of the safety of GM foods.

The Broadway Café

The products offered by Broadway Cafe: coffees, teas, bread, sandwiches, soups and salads are all homemade. This means that customers will get a feel of being comfy and at home with the products offered by the Cafe. Moreover, the Cafe also does not have that feel of being too commercialized, compared with major coffee shop brands that have sprung in recent years. With the specialized products of Broadway Cafe, its patrons feel special that they are part of a unique Cafe experience. Broadway Cafe is part of the history of the city.The Cafe started operating in 1952. It is amazing that it continues to operate to this day. Although, in some aspects, it has not caught up with technological and operational innovations, it is already a part of the city’s history and part of the local flavor that make the city unique. Because of this, city residents who have developed a fondness for the Cafe will not want to see it close down. Grandfather knew every customer of the cafe. This is part of the unique experience of going to the Cafe.In Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast, he described his experiences of going to various cafes in Paris. With grandfather knowing every customer of the cafe, they developed friendships and the customers became even more loyal to the Broadway Cafe. Small operations. The Broadway Cafe has small operations. As such, it can easily implement changes without disrupting any major operations. The operational expense of the Cafe is not very large. Therefore, the profits of the Cafe could be easily reinvested into the business. 2. Weaknesses of the Cafe. Only grandfather knows the recipes.This is a weakness because when grandfather dies, then no one else will be able to retrieve the recipes and write them down. There should be at least one other person who knows the recipes and write them down so it would be easy to pass them on. Customer information and data are not stored anywhere else. Knowing every customer of the Cafe is great! Howeve r, only grandfather knows them all. It would also be better for these information to be written down so that I will get to know the existing customers and develop friendship with them, too. Orders are taken manually.Taking orders manually is time-consuming. Some customers may be in a hurry and this process will certainly slow them down. Investing in a good P. O. S. system will help the Cafe take and serve orders more quickly. Inventory tracking is outdated and prone to mistakes. Without an effective inventory tracking system, mistakes will be committed and costs may even go up more than necessary. 3. Threats to the Cafe. Entry of new Cafe in the city. The growth of Starbucks in the past decade has been remarkable. It has penetrated virtually every major city in the world.The entry of Starbucks and other commercial cafe in our city will be a threat to the Broadway Cafe. As such, the Cafe will have to capitalize on its strengths and upgrade its operations so it can compete with the co mmercial cafes. The economic downturn. With the present economic downturn being faced by the United States, the spending power of customers is diminished. As such, they may choose to forego going to the Cafe because of economic reasons. 4. Recommendations for upgrading and bringing the Cafe into the 21st century. Capitalize on the strengths of Broadway Cafe.Essentially, the way that grandfather treated every customer will be recreated. I, as the manager, and the employees of the Cafe will be trained to know every customer and establish friendship with them. Document (on video and on paper) the recipes of the Cafe. This is a sure way of preserving the knowledge of grandfather through the generations to come. If his recipes are committed to paper, the Cafe will be able to include two or more chefs who can help in preparing the orders of customers. Purchase a computerized Point-of-Sale system plus inventory tracking software.By automating the processes of taking order and of tracking i nventory, the Cafe will become more efficient and customers do not have to wait in long lines to be served. The twenty first century has become very busy for working professionals. They would appreciate if orders were taken and served more quickly than before. Craft and implement a marketing plan for the Cafe. Word-of-mouth will remain as the major marketing strategy of the company. However, with the advent of the 21st century, a marketing plan needs to be crafted and implemented, including the creation of a website and the sponsorship of events in the Cafe premises.

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 2061 Words

We live in a society where African Americans used to be treated with no respect. What if you had to experience the same things that they dealt with? They faced racial discrimination and injustice in court. Mostly in the Jim Crow South, certain groups of white people during this time made it impossible for African Americans to receive justice. Even if they were innocent, blacks could be brutally punished and were subjugated by violence. In court whites would generally win even if they did not have any strong evidence to support their arguments. Especially in the south, during the 1930s, African Americans had little value and basically no legal status in society. They were meant to be treated like animals and, generally, many people believed that whites were always superior to blacks. The late 1930s was a time period where people suffered from many perspectives. First, the novel To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, took place during the Great Depression which was a time when people di d not have any jobs or money to provide for their family. There was great tension in society which triggered stress and emotional conflict. Also, Mockingbird was set in the south --Maycomb, Alabama-- where racial segregation was high against blacks. In the novel, Tom Robinson was an African American man who was wrongly accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman who was responsible for falsely accusing him to save her own reputation. The biased white jury sentenced Tom Robinson to be guiltyShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer l ike her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair tr eatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is us ed frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,